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THE RELUCTANT FUNDAMENTALIST Arbeitsmaterialien zu Chapter 9 inhaltliche Bausteine zur Romananalyse von Chapter 9 Zusatzquellen für Texte und Karikaturen bung für speaking tests Vorschläge zu Mediation Chapter 9 The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid Arbeitsgrundlage ist die Penguin Ausgabe von 2008 CHAPTER 9 Effect of Changez return to Pakistan BACKGROUND Why do Changez parents warn their son not to return to Pakistan in December 2002 Why does the Muslim passenger talk about nuclear annihilation pp.138 139 Since 1998 Indian and Pakistani military forces are equipped with nuclear weapons. After the attack by Muslim terrorists on the Indian Parliament in December 2001 Indian and Pakistani troops faced each other in the region of Kashmir a disputed territory since1947. The world was alarmed by the possibility and relieved when both nations signed a ceasefire in 2003. Changez parents do not want their son to return when a looming nuclear war threatens the population both in Pakistan and India. Changez supposes the comment made by the Muslim passenger if it was God s will nuclear annihilation would not be avoided and that God s will was as yet unknown is meant to be reassuring but the comment could also be a sign of helplessness and fatalism. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Four cartoons about the 2001 2002 India Pakistan stand off http cdn.criticalppp.com wpcontent uploads 2010 08 cartoonpakistan army concerned about india andnot taliban.gif American cartoon Distracted Pakistan by Adam Zyglis in The Buffalo News published 8th May 2009 a Pakistani soldier watching Indian territory through his binoculars with a Taliban snake glidingdown from his opened turban http nicholsoncartoons.com.au india pakistaneducation war.html Australian Cartoon India Pakistan education war by Peter Nicholson published on 28th May 2002 two nuclear devices opposing each other across the border mountains in the background signal the region Kashmir two fathers an Indian and a Pakistani sitting on the ground are explaining to their disappointed looking sons the government can t afford to give you an education because we ve got to teach our enemies a lesson. May 29 2002 Tony Auth New York Times http www.gocomics.com tonyauth 2002 05 29 Pakistani and Indian about to hurl nuclear missiles against each other shouting abuse a terrified Uncle Sam watching the conflict is told by a man Now you know what it was like for the rest of the world during the cold January 04 2002 Tony Auth New York Times http www.gocomics.com tonyauth 2002 01 04 in the background dark sky and white shapes of missiles in the foreground two starving beggars India and Pakistan holding empty bowls war. MEDIATION Spiegel Artikel vom 27.Mai 2002 über die Krieg in Sicht Krise 2001 2002 vermittelt einen guten Eindruck der Krise die besonders unter dem Druck der USA und Großbritanniens beigelegt wurde. Bei der bertragung der wesentlichen Inhalte soll Schüler n i c h t den typischen Spiegel Schreibstil übernehmen. Koch Dirk Malzahn Claus Christian Rao Padma Widmann Carlos Kriegspoker vor dem Abgrund Der Spiegel 27.Mai 2002 http www.spiegel.de spiegel print d 22702531.html Einige Karikaturen und Texte z.B. www.schattenblick.de infopool politik ausland paasi563.html können mit Changez Sichtweise und Vorwurf gegen die USA kontrastiert werden. ROMAN S.144 145 Changez ..America was able to wreak such havoc in the world orchestrating an entire war in Afghanistan...and legitimizing through its action the invasion of weaker states by more powerful ones which India was now proposing to do to Pakistan p.149 . Does Changez give an objective view of the conflict Auswahl an Karikaturen http www.stanford.edu class e297a Conflict 20to 20Cooperation.htm Cartoon The Equalizer 2 nuclear devices of the same size render the mouse PAKISTAN and the big elephant INDIA equal. http pakistanisforpeace.files.wordpress.com 2009 07 india pakistan bomb cartoon.jpg personified Death is playing with a beachball set to which two nuclear bombs are attached on bomb is labeled India the other is labeled Pakistan http nicholsoncartoons.com.au wp content uploads 2011 02 2002 05 24 May goodies baddiesIndia Pakistan 504.jpg US president George W. Bush is standing on his desk in the Oval Office in his hands two files about India and Pakistan on the desk two trays one for the goodies one for the baddies the president is confused and does not know where to put the files an angry Colon Powell Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs with is back to the president and reading a paper appears angry http futurist.typepad.com my weblog images 060228singhalongx 1.gif George W.Bush and Indian prime minister Singh in front of the Taj Mahal which is surrounded by nuclear missiles diese Karikatur unterstützt Changez Sichtweise der amerikanischen Unterstützung für Indien http media.economist.com images images magazine 2011 05 21 ld 20110521 ldd001.jpg military devices tanks rockets etc forming a range of mountains along the border between India and Pakistan gute Illustration für Besprechung Konfliktsituation http www.aljazeerah.info Arab 20Cartoons arab cartoonists 20May 202002.htm two dead Indian and Pakistani soldiers sitting on a nuclear cloud and screaming at each other http www.aljazeerah.info Cartoon 20negatives May02 20negatives Rh 20ind 20pak.jpg an Indian and a Pakistani carrying a huge nuclear missile like a rucksack bang their heads http knowpakistan.org wp content uploads 2012 07 cartoon110516 full 600.jpg best friends forever BFF an American soldier apologizing for drones over Pakistan a Pakistani civilian Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf apologizes for terrorists in Pakistan http cache.pakistantoday.com.pk 2011 11 cartoon1 285x220.jpg 1 a Pakistani stabbed in the back by US and NATO knives Karikatur bezieht sich auf Ereignisse 2011 http cache.pakistantoday.com.pk 2011 11 Sabir12 530x262.jpg 2 cowboys at a duel the huge cowboy in front about to draw the revolvers holsters are labeled US and NATO through his legs you can see his opponent Pakistan http media.theweek.com img dir 0066 33437 cartoon main pakistans got americas back.jpg 152 Uncle Sam putting up a wanted poster for Al Qaida is stabbed in the back by Pakistan LANGUAGE SKILLS Preparing for speaking tests Die formale Sprache des Erzählers Changez mit den gekünstelt und hölzern wirkenden Formulierungen können nicht als Sprachvorbild für die speaking tests dienen daher kommen den bungen zum Hörverständnis eine wichtige Ausgleichsfunktion zu. Diese Materialien mit natürlich gesprochenem Englisch können auch ergänzt werden mit vorbereitenden bungen zu den speaking tests. In Rollenspielen sollen Schüler nach inhaltlicher Vorbereitung monologisches und dialogisches Sprechen in kleinen Gruppen üben. Die Entlastung durch vorbereitete inhaltliche Vorgaben erlaubt es den Schülern sich auf verbale Planungsstrategien zu konzentrieren und sich schrittweise ein Repertoire an Formulierungen anzueignen das sie später in speaking tests spontan anwenden. Verfügen Schüler über ein gesichertes Repertoire können sie sich in den späteren speaking tests mehr auf inhaltliche Aspekte konzentrieren. Die Erfahrung hat gezeigt dass auch das Unterrichtsgespräch von diesen vorbereitenden bungen profitiert. Die Zielsetzung jeder bungsphase soll den Schülern bewusst gemacht und die Sprechdauer gemessen werden. Viele Schüler überschätzen häufig die Zeitdauer ihrer sprachlichen ußerung. Mit Hilfe von sprachlichen Mitteln erreichen die Schüler schrittweise längere sprachliche ußerungen. 1 Monologisches Sprechen 4 6 Schüler bereiten das inhaltliche Material für das Rollenspiel vor. Sie vergleichen ihre inhaltlichen Aspekte und überprüfen ob sie der Sprechsituation bzw. der Einstellung des Sprechers angemessen sind. SITUATION At a New York airport . 4 persons watch Changez entering the business lounge. They recognize Changez and explain who he is to another person. What aspects do they choose to describe Changez At the airport STEP 1 Do you this young guy Over there yes dark skin he is just entering the business lounge ...... the employee ranked 6th at Underwood Samson and eventually dismissed is unemployed he feels embittered to have been surpassed by a Pakistani immigrant he flies economy class and envies Changez who flies business class he is talking to his girlfriend the employee ranked 5th at Underwood Samson is glad to have escaped the rat race in high finance he works at a very small company he appreciates regular working hours though he earns much less he is talking to a colleague from the small firms where he is working now the employee who harassed Changez in the car park of the cable company in New Jersey lost his job and is cleaning the restrooms at the airport he is talking to a co worker the client the new owner of cable company in New Jersey recognizes the competent employee from Underwood Samson he remembers Changez thorough valuation of his newly acquired company back home from a business trip foreigner intruder taking away his job American scholarship paid for by the American taxpayer Jim s darling special protection ranked N 1 showing off his foreignness to impress ruthless ambition not friendly suspicion because of 9 11 .... Changez in comfortable business class firm s unlimited credit card high salary and bonus luxuries long working hours stressed out look quality of life more essential rat race risk of burnout .... Arab 9 11 terrorist dangerous determines fate of American workers safety risk career at big firm rich ruthless no consideration of workers problems moneyminded brilliant young employee Princeton graduate focus on fundamentals committed reliable accomplished task at cable firm with a lot of success not easily intimidated by hostile employees Pakistani background ... he is met by his wife at the airport he is talking about Changez STEP 2 Compare the details of the description. Do they match the speaker s attitude Hier können die Schüler die Elemente der Beschreibung verbessern oder ergänzen. STEP 3 You assume the role of one of the persons at the airport. You describe Changez. Hier sollen die Schüler mit den vorbereiteten Inhalten Changez beschreiben. Eine Liste von fillers hilft lange Sprechpausen zu vermeiden. Ein Hinweis dass fillers der gesprochenen und nicht der geschriebenen Sprche angehören ist wichtig. Ein Schüler der Gruppe misst die Zeitdauer der sprachlichen ußerung. Im Anschluss werden die positiven Aspekte der mündlichen Beschreibung und Verbesserungsvorschläge besprochen. BRAIN fillers MOUTH IDEAS give you space to think WORDS BRAIN fillers MOUTH IDEAS give you space to think WORDS ...well... ... actually ... ... you know.....you see ...it s like this ... ...it s sort of kind of ... ... the thing is ... ...what I m trying to say is ... ... what I mean is ... ... as a matter of fact .... ... as I say said ... ... how shall I put it ... ... as I see it ... ... basically .... .... it is indeed in fact .... ...well... ... actually ... ... you know.....you see ...it s like this ... ...it s sort of kind of ... ... the thing is ... ...what I m trying to say is ... ... what I mean is ... ... as a matter of fact .... ... as I say said ... ... how shall I put it ... ... as I see it ... ... basically .... .... it is indeed in fact .... BRAIN fillers MOUTH IDEAS give you space to think WORDS BRAIN fillers MOUTH IDEAS give you space to think WORDS ...well... ... actually ... ... you know.....you see ...it s like this ... ...it s sort of kind of ... ... the thing is ... ...what I m trying to say is ... ... what I mean is ... ... as a matter of fact .... ... as I say said ... ... how shall I put it ... ... as I see it ... ... basically .... .... it is indeed in fact .... ...well... ... actually ... ... you know.....you see ...it s like this ... ...it s sort of kind of ... ... the thing is ... ...what I m trying to say is ... ... what I mean is ... ... as a matter of fact .... ... as I say said ... ... how shall I put it ... ... as I see it ... ... basically .... .... it is indeed in fact .... Diese Wortliste oder ähnliche Listen aus Lehrwerken sollten zur Verfügung stehen. 2 Dialogisches Sprechen SITUATION Wainwright worries about Changez plan to visit his parents in Pakistan in spite of a looming military conflict between India and Pakistan. He discusses the pros and cons with a friend. STEP 1 List the pros and cons of visiting Pakistan. Arbeit in Kleingruppen von 4 6 Schülern. Je 2 3 Schüler erarbeiten pros oder cons. Danach tauschen sie Ergebnisse aus und ergänzen die Liste. STEP 2 Wainwright is for his friend is against Changez leaving for Pakistan. Assume the roles of Wainright and his friend and discuss the pros and cons. Nach der inhaltlichen Vorentlastung konzentrieren sich das Sprachmaterial jede Meinungsäußerung mit Einleitung jede Entgegnung mit einleitender Bestätigung oder Ablehnung. Selbst bei Ablehnung sollte ein direkter Bezug zum Argument des Gesprächspartners hergestellt werden. Expressing opinion In my opinion to my mind... I think I don t think... I believe I am certain I am convinced that.. I suppose .. Personally I feel that.... The way I see it ... I wonder if.... Well if you ask me ... It seems to me that... Agreeing disagreeing Yes that right. You re right. That s how I feel about .... too. I agree with you on that but I doubt if... You ve got a point here yet have you considered that.... That may be the case but ..... I don t think you can say. I see things differently. I m not sure whether ... SITUATION Changez meets a fellow student from Princeton. They talks about their lives after graduating from Princeton. In dieser bung müssen sich die Schüler nicht nur auf die verbale Planungsstrategie sondern auch auf inhaltliche Aspekte konzentrieren. Der Schüler in der Rolle von Changez hat inhaltliche Eckpunkte der Schüler in der Rolle des Kommilitonen kann seine sprachlichen ußerungen inhaltlich frei gestalten. Es ist darauf zu achten dass nicht zwei Monologe sich gegenüberstehen sondern auf sprachliche Reaktionen Kommentar oder Nachfrage des Zuhörers geachtet wird. In der Gruppe sollten gemachte Fortschritte nach der bungsphase besprochen werden z.B. die Zeitdauer des Dialogs die aktive Umsetzung des geübten Wortmaterials Nutzung oder Loslösung der vorliegenden Wortschatzlisten. The flight before parents warn Changez not to come home because of the looming war the flight bonus payment pays for business class ticket with a Pakistani airline during the flight Changez shocked by Muslim passenger who removes shoes and prays in the aisle but not worried by comment on nuclear annihilation ignoring warning ignoring risks of nuclear war American salary pays for flight to Pakistan Comment on Changez behaviour To what extent does he reveal traits of an entitled American he so much despises p.141 Changez transformation Analyse Changez views of his home and his change of perspective Explain his conclusion. If he wants to turn into a man no longer lacking in substance what does this decision imply Changez home shabby house cracks in ceiling flaking paint damp walls power cuts old and worn furniture impoverished STATE OF DISREPAIR Changez sad and ashamed of lowliness American perspective enduring grandeur unmistakable personality idiosyncratic charm e.g. Mughal miniatures ancient carpets excellent library rich with history OLD CULTURE AND TRADITION Changez proud and aware of former blindness and lack of generosity Pakistani perspective with the eyes of an entitled and unsympathetic American due to the Americanness of his gaze after reacclimatizing and feeling familiar after exorcizing his American sensibility by which he feels obsessed IMAGE getting rid of evil spirit IMAGE Changez reflection in a speckled mirror Conclusion Changez a man lacking in substance easily influenced by others Life in USA feeling older permanent middle age at 22 living alone in foreign environment earning salary financially independent Change a man no longer lacking in substance a man no longer easily influenced outward appearance BEARD Life in Pakistan feeling young almost childlike age of 22 living among affectionate and caring family fed and cared for by his family threat to home by looming war mostly ignored Changez incomplete transformation escaping from the pressures in the US taking refuge in childhood home returning to the US he shows off his beard to provoke Point out evidence that Changez transformation is incomplete. Changez incomplete transformation war threat to Pakistan Changez worries and passiveness Changez reaction lying in bed sleepless aware of immediate departure and leaving behind his family Changez state of mind worried powerless angry at Pakistan weakness its vulnerability to intimidation by India in spite of nuclear weapons and courageous soldiers returning to New York Changez motives bound to be failures failing love relationship with Erica a well paying job Changez self assessment coward and traitor parents urge him to return to New York protecting him or sensing his wish to leave for New York in spite of his claims he wants to stay self contempt because he is among the fittest and brightest to desert his country In Pakistan Changez is unable or reluctant to take decisions to act instead of passively worrying. He tries to suggest reasons for his parents advice to leave for New York. His true motives for his return to New York will prove to be failures. He has almost severed his tie to Erica. The experiences at the cable company raised some doubts about his work and his job satisfaction has been reduced. Not much is needed to remove the blinders which protected him up to now. 2 Explain Changez simile It was odd to speak of that world here as it would be odd to sing in a mosque what is natural in one place can seem unnatural in another and some concepts travel rather poorly it at all. p.143 Changez can only live in one world he cannot reconcile the values and beliefs the culture and traditions of the American and the Pakistani world within himself. Thus he is easily influenced since he tends to adapt to his actual environment a man lacking in substance. He cannot decide for one world yet so he returns to the USA showing off his beard fully aware that his outward appearance will invite criticism rejection and even hostile reactions. Eventually the decision will be taken for him since only one option will be left returning to Pakistan. Effect of Changez growing a beard Changez mother you are still a boy It makes you look like a mouse p.146 a hairstyle a physical insignificance New York verbal abuse by passengers on the subway where he used to blend in Wainwright s advice Changez decline in popularity Wainwright s warning Changez Jim s comment you look kind of shabby Changez performance counts cultural differences must not be flaunted likely repercussions dismissal his colleagues at Underwood Samson considerable but often suppressed consternation whispers and stares beard Changez is the best analyst in his class Jim s offer project in Chile Erica You look cute...Your beard brings out your eyes eyes windows to the soul a form of protest symbol of identity reminder of home setting him apart from his clean shaven co workers Comment on the effect of Changez growing a beard. People close to the Changez his mother and his girl friend see through the sign of defiance and recognize his vulnerability and forlornness. His friend and co worker Wainwright as well as his mentor Jim try to help a brilliant analyst whose performance suffers because of inner conflicts and anxieties. They warn offer advice and Jim offers him a new chance. Changez co workers at Underwoods Samson facing constant rankings and dismissal due to the low utilization rate wonder at or loathe the fact that Changez negligence at work does not put his job at risk. Even Changez expects to be dismissed to get the pink slip . After losing Erica he wants to sever the last tie which binds him to the US but he is still too reluctant to take the decision himself. The phrase to put some out of my misery p.156 connotes ending the life of a creature that is suffering or stopping someone worrying by giving him information that he has been waiting for. On the subway among the multi ethnic multicultural crowds Changez is no longer the young New Yorker who blends in. He experiences ethnic stereotyping complete strangers verbally abuse him. for them he has become the stereotypic Muslim terrorist. Whereas ethnic profiling because of his darker skin took Changez by surprise when he returned from Manila he is now aware that his dark complexion and his beard will reinforce the stereotype when he returns from Pakistan. He also expects harassment at immigration. p.147 . For Changez this hairstyle in spite of its physical insignificance has become a form a protest a symbol of his identity and a reminder of home. p.148 Kurta or Beard Wearing a kurta on the subway made Changez feel comfortable . p.55 Wearing a beard on the subway provoked verbal abuse. p.148 Explain the different reactions by complete strangers. Placemat Aufgabe Changez should shave off his beard before leaving Pakistan YES avoiding harassment and suspicion considering clients reactions at Underwood Samson social norms in the business world inappropriate form of protest provoking the reactions he complains about NO individual decision his ethnic identity global and cosmopolitan business world performance more important than outward appearance Speaking Two of Changez colleagues received very low rankings and are afraid to lose their jobs. They discuss Changez outward appearance his declining performance and the project in Chile Jim offered to Changez. ILLUSTRATION Cartoon by Clay Bennett on ethnic profiling making use of the Colour Code of the Homeland Security Advisory System with different levels of alert. http i.imgur.com sz4vR.gif Severing ties to AmErica Farewell from Erica Erica in clinic where people can recover themselves nurse s information on Erica Erica living in the past with the deceased Chris Changez upsets her because he is the most real he makes Erica lose her balance Erica s outward appearance gaunt her flesh seeming almost bruised over the bones of her face glowing as if with the fervour of the devout like someone after a month of fasting Ramadan praying and reading the holy book completely forgetting the nightly meal calm on medication SYMBOL Changez kissing Erica s gloved hand Losing focus on fundamentals at work economic background low utilization rate at Underwood Samson dry pipeline Jim p.156 layoffs Changez work performance reading online about conflict between India and Pakistan a desolate figure in the office negligent at his administrative work no initiative to find new assignment Jim condoning Changez lazy attitude Changez is still the best analysis in his class Changez needs work to take his mind off his worries about his family in Pakistan new project in Chile with a lot of responsibility Erica s objectives not to hurt Changez not to pull him into her world Erica grateful for Changez s help und kindness use of past tense definite end of relationship Changez s reluctance to take Erica away from the clinic to kiss her to try to win her over to turn around and drive back it was a test and I failed p.155 no backup for Changez STAMP OF APPROVAL Changez apparent sincerity Jim puzzled smile Changez s reluctance to take a decision He expects to be dismissed surprising job offer in Chile postpones decision it was a test and I failed Exakte Parallelen zwischen der depressiven Erica in der Klinik und Amerika unter Schock in der Zeit nach den Anschlägen auf das World Trade Center können nicht gezogen werden. Jedoch verweisen folgende Karikaturen und die Informationen über die Patriot Act 2001 und die Home Security Act 2002 auf hnlichkeiten. Parallels between Erica and America CARTOON State of shock Uncle Sam knifed by terrorism http bradmesser.com images cartoons Uncle Sam Knife.gif Uncle Sam among the debris of the World Trade Center carrying a dead fireman http postroad.com 9 11 varvel.uncle.sam.gif Weeping Statue of Liberty and New York after the attack http marshallramsey.com wp content uploads 911ba.jpg Clinic or prison Patriot Act 2001 The primary objective of the Patriot Act is to give the federal government and law enforcement greater power to investigate and prosecute terrorism. It gives the government the ability to search the email telephone financial library and medical records of an individual if it is in the interest of national security. This act was regarded as an assault on civil liberties. Homeland Security Act 2002 The new Department of Homeland Security DHS focuses on the prevention of terrorist attacks and responding to natural disasters. It introduced the Homeland Security Advisory System a color coded terrorism threat advisory scale. CARTOON by Michael Webster http a4cgr.files.wordpress.com 2011 04 patriotact.jpg CARTOONS by Clay Bennett http www.claybennett.com images archivetoons home security.jpg http www.claybennett.com images archivetoons life.jpg http www.claybennett.com images archivetoons2 security.jpg http www.claybennett.com images archivetoons2 off limits.jpg Alert System of the Department of Homeland Security applied to skin colour ethnic harassment CARTOON by Clay Bennett http www.claybennett.com pages color coding.html http www.americanprogress.org cartoon 2010 08 02 13144 the skin tone advisory system TEXTS Peter E. Mayeux The USA Patriot Act and Civil Liberty Restrictions Historical Perspective http journalism.unl.edu cojmc alumni jnews 0304 winter mayeux.shtml Adam Liptak Civil Liberties Today.Criminal law changed surprisingly little after the attacks. How law was enforced is another matter. http www.nytimes.com 2011 09 07 us sept 11 reckoning civil.html pagewanted all r 0 Surveillance Under the USA PATRIOT Act http www.aclu.org national security surveillance under usa patriot act More stylistic devices TheAmerican dirty our hands....touching one s prey....tearing the flesh out of... hunting imagery foreshadowing of ending p.140 taking a turn towards the grimmer side ......before undertaking the bloodiest of tasks p.157 alliteration emphasis before announcing a warning or foreshadowing More stylistic devices odd to speak of that world here.. odd to sing in a mosque p.143 sharing bread p.157 parallelism simile symbolic action emphasis on contrasting concepts bread is a staple food and also a fundamental part of rituals in different religions sharing bread with someone means you will never become enemies. emphasis on very thin layer fragile harmony among colleagues reader is expected to know that Maybelline an American makeup brand refers to reader s experience corporate collegiality veneer p.148 metaphor eyelashes like a Maybelline ad p.145 simile I m like the shower you take before you jump into a swimming pool p.151 find Erica at the end of the path p.152 snow crunching simile symbolic action onomatopoeia refers to end of relationship reproduces sound of walking on snow Klasse 10 Klasse 11 Klasse 12 Englisch Sekundarstufe A. Lenhardt Patz THE RELUCTANT FUNDEMENTALIST Mohsin Hamid