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THE RELUCTANT FUNDAMENTALIST Arbeitsmaterialien zu Chapter 11 inhaltliche Bausteine zur Romananalyse Analyse von Stilmitteln bung von Text Skills anhand verschiedener Materialien Chapter 11 The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid Arbeitsgrundlage ist die Penguin Ausgabe von 2008 CHAPTER 11 Creating a menacing atmosphere As in the preceding chapters of the novel the narrator succeeds in creating a menacing atmosphere. Examine his technique here. Content empty space ominous atmosphere reference to film genre abandoned amusement park typical settings shuttered opera house vacant hotel where frightening events occur soothing effect of explanation destroyed by 1st suggested explanation perhaps choice of words emphasis through alliteration glimpses of a gash of moon gash denotes a long deep cut or a deep flesh wound and connotes physical violence low visibility in a warren a mazelike place where one may easily become lost connotes the idea of a trap where it is difficult to escape Effect making the listener associate the empty place around him with his experience of watching threatening scenes in films cloudy sky glimpses of a gash of moon 2nd suggested explanation perhaps darkening shadows in the warren of alleyways slipping away in all directions menace is only imagination 3rd suggested explanation Changez idea smell of dust is associated passing tumbleweed a symbolic plant in Western films used when characters encounter a long abandoned or dismal looking place return to the film genre and the listener s experience of watching films solitude awareness being alone in the city centre aroma of dust smell of the desert similar smell foreshadows desolate balls of tumbleweed rolled about by the wind setting dimly lit stage menacing effect achieved by playing with the listener s experience of frightening film scenes reinforcing effect by choice of words and connotations offering two rather frightening explanations third explanation awareness of being alone likely to be rejected which leaves the other two explanations return to the film experience of empty desolate place ILLUSTRATION tumbleweed in desolate location http www.liamfield.com wp content uploads 2012 02 tumbleweed.jpg The breakup of a romantic relationship Changez ending his American Dream Analyse the analogy of the typical breakup of a romantic relationship with Changez ending of his love affair with the American Dream. romantic relationship involving great love love affair with American Dream Princeton made everything possible p.16 high powered career at Underwood Samson promises to change his life p.16 infatuated no longer a Pakistani but an Underwood Samson trainee p.38 after recognizing the traits of a janissary in himself Changez stops working on the project in Santiago grateful to Juan Bautista for helping him to push back the veil to recognize the real world p.178 peculiar emotional state semi hypnotic daze p.178 seeing the world with the analytical eyes of a product of Princeton and an ex janissary s gaze looking beyond the limits imposed by a career in high finance pp.177 178 aware of giving up his impressive income his career opportunities his life in New York city of possibility magical vibrancy and sense of excitement calmly talking to the American Changez no longer regrets his decision to give up the rewards of his American dream a moment of passion during which the unthinkable is said sense of euphoria at finally being liberated a fresh world seen for the first time inevitable period of doubt and regret equanimity when emotions have receded HINT IMAGE Additionally the veil might also allude to W.E.B. DuBois In The Souls of Black Folk where the veil refers to Blacks lack of clarity to see themselves outside of what white America describes and prescribes for them or to DuBois concept of double consciousness Then it dawned upon me with a certain suddeness that I was different from the others or like them perhaps in heart and life and longing but shut out from their world by a vast veil. I had thereafter no desire to tear down that veil to creep through I held all beyond it in common contempt and lived above it in a region of blue sky and great wandering shadows. The Negro is a sort of seventh son born with a veil and gifted with second sight in this American world a world which yields him no true self consciousness but only lets him see himself through the revelation of the other world. It is a peculiar sensation this double consciousness this sense of always looking at oneself through the eyes of others of measuring ones soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels this two ness an American a Negro two souls two unreconciled strivings two warring ideals in one dark body. http www.bartleby.com 114 1.html Analyse these phrases p.179 in the context of Changez doubts about his decision to end his romantic relationship with AmErica. my duty to Erica America unselfish obligation to AmErica actions determined by binding force felling responsible for AmErica s welfare the duty to myself that was born of my desire for her more selfish approach actions determined by own desires Changez relies on AmErica for his happiness and the fulfillment of his needs and goals Analyse the phrase p.180 Not that I was convinced that I had made a mistake no I was merely unconvinced that I had not made a mistake typical example of Changez reluctant attitude he never wholeheartedly decides in favour of one option the second option always lingers at the back of his mind hence his confusion he enters the offices of Underwood Samson with unexpected sadness Analyse the description of the office area and the exit procedure at Underwood Samson p.180. simile alliteration reminiscent of gleaming fa ade of some exalted and exclusive temple spectacular view bright and promising appearance place of worship for the few selected and elevated above others finance as object of worship illustrates brilliant career for the disciples of this temple alliteration printed proof is now a useless reminder of former position among the chosen pocket of business cards elegantly printed proof that I had once been selected let myself be led the almost homophonic use of let led mirrors Changez passive attitude he leaves guidance to others small cardboard box mirrors paltry result of a formerly highpowered career Stylistic devices USA a traditional empire Changez describes the American empire and its economic power. Analyse his choice of words in his description of the traditional empire USA. ILLUSTRATION Cartoon Uncle Sam putting on the helmet of a Roman legionary http media.hoover.org images digest20044 Ferguson.jpg size large The term empire associates the USA with famous empires such as the Roman Empire the Holy Roman Empire the British Empire or the Ottoman Empire all of them no longer in existence. To emphasize the traditional features of the American empire Changez uses several historical terms to name everyday people and their jobs nowadays. p.178 . armed sentries at check post a charioteer serf class armed immigration officers at the checkpoint taxidriver a chariot is an ancient horse drawn two wheeled vehicle the lowest feudal class attached to the land owned by a lord and required to perform labor in return for certain legal or customary rights instead of working class an immigrant 17th to 19th century who worked for an employer over a period of time usually seven years to pay off his passage to America indentured servant More stylistic devices mother continent of Asia p.177 allusion term mother country instead of Pakistan only the idea refers to a whole continent product of Princeton p.178 ex janissary s gaze analytical eyes p.178 alliteration contrast emphasis on impact of his university education on his outlook on life emphasis on different approach gaze steady fixed look more passive analytical eyes taking in all the details and assessing them more active desperate and doomed p.179 backpedaling p.179 similar to that...one has witnessed one s knee twist impossibly but has yet to feel the pain pp.179 180 to attempt to appear unaffected alliteration metaphor extended simile alliteration rhythmic effect emphasis on hopeless situation concrete term to illustrate retreating or withdrawing from a position or attitude emphasis on harmful result of Changez decision no actual pain but certain pain in the near future emphasis Changez trying hard to hide his worries Stylistic devices September a sort of spring Changez idiosyncratic view of September as a month of beginning is based on his personal experience in America the beginning of the academic year the beginning of his relationship with Erica Symbolic meaning of September in general end of summer beginning of autumn time of harvest collecting fruit of one s work past the pinnacle of life sense of fulfillment richness Symbolic meaning of September for Changez a spring of sorts start of relationship with Erica attack on World Trade Center commencement of the academic year I was diving into my life in New York in September full of optimism at what was to come. p.187 9 11 Changez romantic relationship with Erica and the start of his career in New York occur within a close proximity of time 9 11 sheds gloom on Changez hopeful beginnings his optimism will prove futile failure is imminent Stylistic devices the symbol of the firefly Analyse the symbol of the firefly p.72 p.188 p. 207 SYMBOL concrete object to illustrate an abstract concept ILLUSTRATION photo of a firefly http www.firefly.org images pictures firefly pics2.jpg effect of fireflies http www.dnr.state.oh.us Portals 2 kidsthings 200807jul Flickering 20Fireflys.jpg firefly p.72 firefly bumping repeatedly against the window of a house unable to comprehend the glass that barred its way firefly p.188 firefly trying to compete with the lights of New York buildings a tiny greenish glow visible up close but overwhelmed by the city s luminance firefly heads south taxi passes fate of firefly uncertain Changez embraces Erica intimate gesture like an expectant father with his pregnant wife firefly p.207 issued a firefly s glow bright enough to transcend the boundaries of continents and civilizations Changez compares himself to a bat a successful survivor Changez angry comment about America s drone attacks and their so called collateral damage to the media his angry outburst replayed on TV for days now part of a waron terror montage. Changez at last sees himself as a firefly the interview with his accusations against America is spread by the media worldwide the interview has no effect it is only a glow an excerpt of the interview is part of a montage on the war on terror thus totally ineffective Changez optimism and selfconfidence at the beginning of his life in New York he is unaware that he really is the firefly which ignores the barriers and is unable to again access in spite of his efforts the tiny firefly like Changez does not stand a chance to compete with the bright and overwhelming environment it might escape south or might be killed by the passing taxi allusions to death and uncertainty shed gloom on his dream of family life with Erica Changez farewell from the office Changez goodbye from his American Dream What do the different farewells afforded to Changez reveal pp.180 182 exit conversation brief stern formal no recrimination Jim in funeral colours and under slept reproach you really screwed us no hesitation to dismiss Changez aware of Changez crisis and private offer to help Changez bow Changez is an unimportant cog in the wheel cf. p.112 Wainwright s comment your deals would go ahead whether you worked at them or not. state of mourning personally affected as Changez was his prot g Jim s different priorities as a private and as a professional person compassion and sympathies are a private matter and excluded from workplace sign of respect gratitude Changez colleagues most of them ignore him some look at him with evident unease or fear SIMILE plotting to kill them rather than of abandoning my post in mid assignment Wainwright shaking hand and saying farewell Changez outward appearance and behaviour bearded and resentful has turned him into a persona non grata increased suspicion and apprehension friendly but non committal goodbye in spite of former relationship of mutual trust Changez reactions after leaving the office tears at 22 a world had ended a distraught and hirsute Pakistani walking through the East Village carrying an unmarked box pouring whisky...cradling it while informing his family about his return visit to Erica s clinic informed about Erica s disappearance he imagines every detail of Erica s suicide to conclude that Erica has not committed suicide farewell from Erica s mother SIMILE as though slapped her without provocation Erica s manuscript as a present revisiting places Erica had taken him to unable to find them they vanished as if they had never existed they have altered REASONS different season or constant change in New York disappointment regret anger and provocation inviting ethnic profiling and harassment failure to support his family now dependent on family s help last tie to America is severed reluctant attitude unwilling to accept strong likelihood of Erica s suicide both unable to communicate shock at Changez refusal to accept Erica s death reluctant to read the book idiosyncratic memories interior souvenirs of time and place which cannot be proved by reality evidence of Changez delusion Erica s manuscript a symbol of Changez delusion Explain the symbol of Erica s manuscript. To what extent is Changez notion of Erica only a delusion p.58 59 more a novella than a novel it leaves space for your thoughts to echo sealed with tape a dented corner a pearl to soften a sharp speck writing as a healing process Erica s hesitation to publish it p.127 after 9 11 Erica s depression Erica refuses to publish manuscript is unable to work on it p.186 Changez never reaches Erica he overestimates the intensity of their relationship he is only Erica s constant companion so the expected novel is smaller in size its content is hidden from sight its outside slightly damaged spaces in its text meant to allow Changez thoughts to echo that is a return of his input Erica withdrawing from Changez her refusal to communicate neither by phone nor my mail Erica s mother gives Changez the manuscript Changez leaves it on his TV set for over a week still waiting for Erica to get in touch p.188 frightened to read the manuscript nervous about its content CONTENT neither tortured nor autobiographical simply a tale of adventure about a girl surviving on an island with description of details hopeful overtone p.189 CONCLUSION Changez cannot locate Erica in the book book is a mistake offers no clues Erica has chosen not to be part Changez story Changez reluctance to open the book waiting instead for Erica to get in touch afraid of truth afraid of realizing his delusion Changez attitude nervous and frightened Changez disappointment adventure story instead of autobiography impressionistic descriptions of minor details no information about Erica s life and anxieties Changez is aware of definite end of his relationship with Erica baffled at the substance of the book which does not allow for any delusion therefore his decision to leave Changez emotional state America after 9 11 before leaving New York Point out similarities in Changez s description of his emotional state and America s reaction after 9 11 incoherent and emotional madman flying in rages and sinking into depressions anguished by Erica s disappearance provoking ethnic harassment in the streets craving conflict rhetoric of the government the media and even of critical journalists anger Changez inner turmoil irrational behaviour loss of private happiness and professional success angered by biased views in the aftermath of 9 11 engaged in posturing retreating in myths of being different feeling superior threatening world with its violent reaction ignoring shared pain that unites America and its attackers Changez accuses America of irrational behaviour after 9 11 he refers to suffering both on the side the attackers and the attacked More stylistic devices flying off into rages and sinking into depressions p.189 thinking in circles p.190 craving conflict p.190 fuel for my anger p.190 stage of the world p.190 contrast metaphor alliteration metaphor metaphor emphasis on turmoil concrete verbs illustrate his ups and downs emphasis on endless repetition without any progress or result emphasis on his attempt to find a target for his aggression emphasis on numerous reasons for Changez anger emphasis on actions carried out in public view the entire planet was rocked p.190 hyperbole effect of America s reaction emphasis on irrational behaviour tantrum a childish fit of rage outburst of bad temper emphasis on clarity in contrast to Changez emotional turmoil repercussion of your tantrums p.190 metaphor crisp clear afternoon p.191 alliteration Changez departure from America Examine the description of Changez departure from America crisp and clear afternoon memories of Erica s clinic and the place where she might have committed suicide Changez imagining Erica s suicide removing clothes shedding the past walk through forest saved by a kind woman leaving jacket on the curb as an offering comparison with offering flowers for the dead at a funeral and with twirling a banknote to welcome a person home a wish of warmth for Erica Changez jacket meant as an offering causes a security alert contrasting with Changez former mood less conflicting emotions aware of the point of no return ending past troubles to embrace a better future hope to be saved after facing difficulties in an unfamiliar or dangerous environment forest a symbolic place of evil or mystery symbolic action to help saving Erica ritual of offering a gift and expressing a wish not meant for a dead but a living person cf. Changez mother welcoming her son p.143 alliteration emphasizing Changez hope that Erica might still be alive comic effect jacket causes alarm at airport illustrates panic and suspicion after 9 11 might refer to the alert system of Homeland Security ILLUSTRATION Five level national alert system http www.freewilliamsburg.com archives alert.jpg BACKGROUND Pakistan and the USA Changez anti Americanism put into perspective Throughout the novel you detect Changez sometimes subtle and sometimes openly aggressive criticism of the US the country which offered him scholarship and a high powered career. Some facts and figures may help to put Changez attitude into perspective and get a more rounded view of the issue. The PEW research centre published YouGov published this bar chart this table Pakistani Views of U.S. Remain Grim Do you consider Pakistan to be a friend or an enemy of the United States 2011 ally of the US friendly unfriendly enemy of U.S. not sure 2 11 38 23 26 Source http www.pewglobal.org 2012 06 27 paki stani public opinion ever more critical ofu s Source http cdn.yougov.com cumulus uploads inlineimage 20 11 05 18 frienemy pk q9.png BAR CHART aus urheberrechtlichen Gründen nur LINK TEXT SKILLS table and bar chart Hier kann die Analyse visueller Texte geübt werden Informationsentnahme aus table und bar chart und Kontrastierung mit einer pie chart Changez anti American views correspond with public opinion in his home country Pakistan. Similarly the results of an opinion poll on the image of Pakistan prove that more than half of the people interviewed regard Pakistan more as an opponent than an ally. TEXT SKILLS pie chart Compare this mutual rejection with the pie chart which illustrates the foreign aid given to Pakistan by different states. Source Organization for Economic and Development Cooperation OECD DAC International Development Statistics Online prepared by USAID Economic Analysis and Data Services April 10 2012. Notes In addition to bilateral development assistance in 2010 Pakistan received 1.2 billion from multilateral agencies including the World Bank s International Development Association 430 million European Union Institutions 270 million and the Asian Development Fund 290 million. http www.fas.org sgp crs row R41856.pdf In spite of this rather hostile relationship more than half of the foreign aid for Pakistan comes from the US 56.3 . Changez s was given financial aid scholarships and career opportunities. Are they ungrateful You can accuse both Changez and Pakistan of biting the hand which feeds them or you try to find reasons for their anti American attitude. VISUAL TEXT CARTOON from International Herald Tribune by Chappatte Hilary Clinton Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs since 2008 in a brainstorming session with her staff assessing the US Pakistan relationship on the board she has crossed out the terms friends allies partners and demands a term which applies http client.globecartoon.com cgi bin WebObjects GCAdmin.woa wa jpgImage UID 1002313 TEXT ANALYSIS Gut geeignet für die Erarbeitung gegensätzlicher Standpunkte sind ein pakistanischer Text des Institute of Policy Studies in Islamabad Pakistan und ein amerikanischer Text des Congressional Research Service in Washington die beide im Internet verfügbar sind. Die Verläßlichkeit beider Textquellen sollte angesprochen werden. Murad Ali US Aid to Pakistan and Democracy Policy Perspectives Volume 6 Number2 July December 2009 Susan B. Epstein K. Alan Kronstadt Pakistan U.S. Foreign Assistance Congressional Research Service October 4 2012 http www.ips.org.pk security and foreign policy 1080 us aid to pakistan and democracy.html QUOTES US economic and military aid was high in the mid 1950s and 1960s when Pakistan was under military rule. The main purpose of most US aid during these years was to contain communism and keep Pakistan from joining the communist bloc...every time the US has required Pakistan s support to achieve its own geo political goals it has shown no hesitation in embracing military dictators.... The tragic fact is that US aid has been provided merely to prolong military regimes in Pakistan to more conveniently achieve US foreign policy objectives in the region. http www.fas.org sgp crs row R41856.pdf QUOTES Pakistan a country vital to U.S. national security interests but that some say lacks accountability and even credibility as a U.S. ally... any goodwill generated by U.S. aid is offset by widespread and intense anti American sentiment among the Pakistani people.... Pakistan s apparently accelerated nuclear weapons program and the long standing dispute with India over Kashmir continue to threaten regional stability. Pakistan is identified as a base for numerous U.S. designated terrorist groups ... Aid was provided or restricted for numerous reasons over those 60 years.... Unpredictability of U.S. aid has contributed to Pakistan s view that the United States is an unreliable partner. aus urheberrrechtlichen Gründen hier nur wenige Textauszüge. Point out basic differences in the assessment of US aid for Pakistan. Pakistani view US mission not to spread democracy but keeping communism in check American view Pakistan is an unreliable ally but essential to American security in spite of financial aid widespread anti American sentiment reproach that Pakistan harbours terrorists TEXT SKILLS Graph Changez complains about the alternating periods of American aid and sanctions p.177 Check this graph. Is the Pakistani approach correct that that US aid has been provided merely to prolong military regimes in Pakistan to more conveniently achieve US foreign policy objectives in the region. Notes Figures 1948 2000 obligations 2001 2010 appropriations. a 1962 Peak aid. Pakistan aligned with West signed two defense pacts. b 1981 Reagan administration negotiated five year 3.2 million security economic aid package with Pakistan. c 1985 Pressler Amendment Reagan and George H. W. Bush certified Pakistan to get aid until 1990. d 1989 Soviet Army withdrew from Afghanistan. George H. W. Bush suspended aid in 1990 because of Pakistan s nuclear activities. Aid lowest in 1990s. e Post 9 11 aid to Pakistan. Source U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants Greenbook U.S. Agency for International Development The Department of State s Congressional Budget Justifications FY2002 FY2012 and CRS calculations. SOURCE http www.fas.org sgp crs row R41856.pdf TEXT SKILLS December 2009 Quote and table Murad Ali US Aid to Pakistan and Democracy Policy Perspectives Volume6 Number2 July Murad Ali complains that the US has hardly shown any concern for democracy in Pakistan where its own geo strategic goals have been at stake and that every time the US has required Pakistan s support to achieve its own geo political goals it has shown no hesitation in embracing military dictators He adds a table Table 1 Summary of US Aid Policies towards Democratic Regimes and Dictatorships in Pakistan http www.ips.org.pk security and foreign policy 1080 us aid to pakistan and democracy.html What have you learned about the reasons of anti American attitudes TEXT SKILLS quotes and cartoons You get a better understanding of the issue if you consider the basics of American foreign policy and the Americans notion of their mission in the world. Comment on these ideas about America s role in the world. Consider this quote by Thomas L.Friedman Today s era is dominated by American power American culture the American dollar and the American navy. Thomas L.Friedman The Lexus and the Olive Tree New York Farrar Straus Giroux 1999. p.16 Exemplify these terms American power political power economic power military power American culture American values and beliefs American Dream Hollywood music technology American products Coca Cola McDonald s Microsoft Apple Silicon Valley Facebook etc American dollar Wall Street high finance rating agencies oil price and the U.S. dollar exchange rate are leading economic variables dollar as the world s reserve currency globe straddling role of the U.S. financial sector American navy military power protection e.g. keeping waterways safe and open for global commerce sea piracy tool of world constable control of the oceans nuclear deterrence the belief shared let us remember by most men living that the 20th Century must be to a significant degree an American Century. This knowledge calls us to action now... It must be a sharing with all peoples of our Bill of Rights our Declaration of Independence our Constitution our magnificent industrial products our technical skills. HENRY R. LUCE The American Century LIFE magazine 17th February 1941 http www.informationclearinghouse.info article6139.htm Comment on the effect of such a statement on non Americans. CARTOONS als Impuls obese Statue of Liberty instead of torch a plstic cup of coke instead of the book a hamburger http tokyonancysnow.files.wordpress.com 2012 07 american culture statuefat liberty.jpg an Iraqi couple on the doorstep of their destroyed house The worst is yet to come American culture. http www.cartoonstock.com newscartoons cartoonists sda lowres sdan152l.jpg MEDIATION Zur Vertiefung der Problematik und zu bung von Mediation können Texte zu den Zielen der amerikanischen Außenpolitik eingesetzt werden. CHANGEZ ACCUSATION I reflected that I have always resented the manner in which America conducted itself in the world your constant interference in the affairs of others was insufferable......in each of the major conflicts and standoffs that ringed my mother continent of Asia America played a central role. p.177 Find out more about his examples Vietnam Korea straits of Taiwan Middle East war 1965 1973 communist Vietcong versus South Vietnam war 1950 1953 communist North Korea versus South Korea 1954 1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis conflict between Communist People s Republic of China and Taiwan nuclear threat by US 1990 1991 Gulf war Operation Desert Storm coalition forces against Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait 2003 2011 Iraq War US invasion in Iraq because of weapons of mass destruction 2001 today Operation Enduring Freedom military conflict ISAF coalition forces against Taliban and Al Quaeda Afghanistan Find out more about these terms describing objectives of American foreign policy containment Truman Doctrine policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad American foreign policy in 1947 of providing economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey because they were threatened by communism. It was the start of the containment policy to stop Soviet expansion it was a major step in beginning the Cold War. 1 Jörg Himmelreich US Außenpolitik Raus aus dem Schlamassel Der Spiegel 26.06.2011 Der amerikanische Isolationismus sich von allen auswärtigen Bindungen loszusagen und sich allein auf die Stärke seines eigenen auserwählten Landes zu besinnen gehört zu den Gründungsmythen Amerikas. Er ist bis heute tief in das politische Selbstverständnis Amerikas eingegraben. Die Gründung der USA bedeutete ja gerade eine bewusste politische und kulturelle Abtrennung und Abkehr von einem intrigistischen und monarchistischem Europa. The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is ... to have with them as little political connexion as possible rief George Washington der erste amerikanische Präsident und einer der Gründungsväter der USA 1796 seinen Bürgern zu. http www.spiegel.de politik ausland us aussenpolitik raus aus dem schlamassel a 770440 2.html 2 Harald Biermann Von Roosevelt zu Obama. Ein Jahrhundert amerikanischer Außenpolitik Auch in dieser Zeit blieb trotz des Vietnam Traumas bei einer stabilen Mehrheit der Amerikaner die berzeugung bestehen daß die Vereinigten Staaten weiterhin aktiv in das Weltgeschehen eingreifen müßten um die eigene Sicherheit zu gewährleisten.... Die heute so offensichtlich zu Tage tretenden Fehler der Bush Regierung waren cum grano salis weniger Produkte von Inkompetenz oder Böswilligkeit sondern vielmehr Folge eines übersteigerten Sendungsbewußtseins. Der Präsident und seine engsten Berater waren der festen berzeugung daß der American way of life eine zivilisatorisch überlegene Daseinsform darstellt. Die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika waren noch immer die Stadt auf dem Hügel die der Puritaner John Winthrop bereits 1630 beschworen hatte ...dennoch werden die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika auch unter Präsident Obama ihrem ostensiblen Missionsauftrag an die Menschheit treu bleiben. http www.stresemann gesellschaft.de downloads Stresemann Vortrag 2009.pdf 3 Manfred Berg USA Diktator der Welt DIE ZEIT 08 2003 Aber während die Vereinigten Staaten in der übrigen Welt als hegemoniale Weltmacht ja als das neue Rom betrachtet werden leugnen viele Amerikaner diesen Tatbestand hartnäckig. So betonte Bush im Juni 2002 vor den Kadetten der Militärakademie in Westpoint Amerikas Ziel ist nicht die Errichtung eines Imperiums oder die Verwirklichung einer Utopie. ... Um Chaos oder die Einmischung fremder Mächte abzuwehren seien die USA gezwungen natürlich gegen ihren Willen die Rolle einer internationalen Polizeimacht zu spielen.... Zur Unterstützung der freien Völker gegen die kommunistische Bedrohung verkündeten die US Präsidenten von Roosevelts Nachfolger Harry S. Truman bis Ronald Reagan immer neue Doktrinen mit denen sich die Vereinigten Staaten jeweils umfassende Selbstermächtigungen zur politischen und militärischen Intervention erteilten.... befand der Nationale Sicherheitsrat 1950 im berüchtigten Strategiepapier NSC68 seien praktisch alle Maßnahmen legitim offene oder verdeckte gewaltsame oder gewaltlose solange sie nur dem Endziel der Verteidigung der Demokratie dienten... Wo immer Staatszerfall und Chaos den Nährboden für Terrorismus bilden und wo immer Schurkenstaaten an Massenvernichtungswaffen arbeiten die zur Bedrohung für die USA werden könnten will Amerika jetzt eingreifen notfalls im Alleingang.. http www.zeit.de 2003 36 Imperialismus 4 Deutsche Erläuterung der Geopolitik der USA und den Begriffen Isolationismus d. h. nderung bzw. Anpassung des politischen Verhaltens anderer Nationen durch seinen Vorbildcharakter und Interventionismus d. h. den Kampf gegen das Böse aufzunehmen und zu führen. Mit offenen Karten USA Außenpolitik 2 Die Konstanten August 2003 http www.youtube.com watch v 2ALeDod vQw Außenpolitik 3 Folgen des 11. September August 2003 http www.youtube.com watch v 8DlPttuMRck feature relmfu Die Schlußfolgerung der beiden you tube Filme sollte hinterfragt werden ENGLISH TEXTS 5 LISTENING COMPREHENSION transcript available voices for and against Eric Weiner Should America Be the World s Policeman Should the U.S. with its enormous military might act as a global sheriff policing the world s trouble spots http www.npr.org 2008 02 20 19180589 should america be the worlds policeman 6 SPEAKING Should the U.S. use its military and financial power to act as the world s policeman In a Nutshell YES NO table with reasons for and against role of world s policeman gute Grundlage für Einüben und Festigen von Diskussionsvokabular http www.balancedpolitics.org world policeman.htm 7 TEXT SKILLS David C. Stolinsky World Policeman If Not Us Who NewsMax.Com April 7 2003 http archive.newsmax.com archives articles 2003 4 6 184444.shtml 8 VISUAL TEXTS TIME COVER Is the Army Stretched Too Thin Sep. 1 2003 an American soldier supporting the globe http img.timeinc.net time images covers asia 2003 20030901 400.jpg 9 CARTOON by Carlson stressed out military answering too many phone calls http www.carlsontoons.com wp content uploads 2011 03 holdC.jpg 10 READING COMPREHENSION ANALYSIS Melvyn P. Leffler 9 11 and American Foreign Policy Diplomatic HistoryVolume 29 Issue 3 article first published online 13 MAY 2005 http onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi 10.1111 j.1467 7709.2005.00491.x pdf Leffler zitiert auf Seite 410 des Artikels die Leitlinie der amerikanischen Außenpolitik The new mission statement of the Department of State begins American diplomacy in the 21st century is based on fundamental beliefs our freedom is best protected by ensuring that others are free our prosperity depends on the prosperity of others and our security relies on a global effort to secure the rights of all. The history of the American people is the chronicle of our effort to live up to our ideals. U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development Strategic Plan Fiscal Years 2004 2009 1. Power they believe harnessed to ideals vanquished evil. p.410 11 Changez criticzes Americans As a society you were unwilling to reflect upon the shared pain that united you with those that attacked you. p.190 ...no country inflicts death so readily upon the inhabitants of other countries frightens so many people so far away as America. p.207 Here he refers to American drone attacks on Pakistani territory. The use of unmanned drones operated remotely by the US to target militants in Pakistan s tribal areas began in 2004 under President George W Bush. INFORMATION 31 January 2012 Drones What are they and how do they work http www.bbc.co.uk news world south asia 10713898 Drones are used in situations where manned flight is considered too risky or difficult. Drones are seen by many in the military as delivering precision strikes without the need for more intrusive military action. Hundreds of people have been killed by the strikes in Pakistan civilians as well as militants causing outrage. CARTOONS a small leaking boat labeled Pakistan with a Pakistani soldier and a Taliban fighter pointing guns at each other huge American ship throwing anchor labeled help http 2.bp.blogspot.com a Su2SAnGYU Su1Eol8cVI AAAAAAAALWo 67h6V7e7U78 s400 Pakistan.gif cartoon by the American cartoonist Daryl Cagle a furious Taliban fighter with six hands holding a belt of explosives knives and bombs facing Obama. The American president is pulling a cart full of money bags and explains I m so sorry that we blew your people up. Here s a bunch more money...If you don t mind we have more people to blow up now. http www.jihadwatch.org images Cagle.jpg INFORMATION by THE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM Chris Woods Drone War Exposed the complete picture of CIA strikes in Pakistan August 10th 2011 http www.thebureauinvestigates.com 2011 08 10 most complete picture yet of cia dronestrikes Chris Woods hat in verschiedenen Zeitungen kritische Artikel über die Dronenangriffe geschrieben VIDEOS U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta s comment on continued strikes http www.youtube.com watch v bW1ukhahPFQ With additional text With regard to drones... this is about our sovereignty as well. Because there were a group of individuals who attacked the United States on 9 11 and killed 3 000 of our citizens. We went to war against those who attacked the United States of America. The leadership of those that were involved in planning those attacks located themselves in Pakistan. The terrorists who threaten the United States threaten Pakistan as well. This is not just about protecting the United States it is also about protecting Pakistan. And we have made very clear that we are going to continue to defend ourselves. President Obama s comment on objectives of strikes http www.bbc.co.uk news world us canada 16804247 They have been very precise precision strikes against al Qaeda and their affiliates NEWSPAPER ARTICLE Clive Stafford Smith For Our Allies Death from Above The New York Times 3rd November 2011 http www.nytimes.com 2011 11 04 opinion in pakistan drones kill our innocentallies.html r 2 BLOG DISCUSSION The magazine The Economist presents pros and cons with regard to the drone attacks to start a discussion among its readers. DRONE STRIKES ARE JUSTIFIABLE DRONE STRIKES ARE UNJUSTIFIABLE http www.economist.com where do you stand drones Klasse 10 Klasse 11 Klasse 12 Englisch Sekundarstufe A. Lenhardt Patz THE RELUCTANT FUNDAMENTALIST by Mohsin Hamid Romananalyse